so iâm making this post because i know iâve introduced friends to Hobbikats videos before (one of their most popular being Teddy honking to get into the tumble dryer to snuggle in), and today while i went to block some altright freak on twitter, i noticed a âfollowers you knowâ, and itâs the owner of the cats.
i feel really disgusted but i shouldnât be too surprised to see people still hiding behind cute animal clout while actively holding shitty beliefs. anyways, please donât give this person any more views and attention. i know the cats are not to blame but it means giving more of a platform for white supremacy.
oh did I show yâall my newish tattoo? I donât think I posted it here. yup this is how obsessed I am with my cat lol. Pixel is such a good girl <3
Completed @ Salvation South Tattoo in Long Beach, NY.Â
This is actually a partial cover up of the beginnings of this tattoo that was initially done by an apprentice at a different shop. I didnât like how it was looking so far so I went to Salvation South to see Paulie Piff and have him do a bang-up job working with what we had.
Hi I hate my life sorta but heres a pic of me, “gpoy,” if you will. I only use tumblr for my super secret journal account to write about how shitty I feel so if you see me on here, you know im Goin Thru It :â)
Paul Sougy. Nerve Tissue, The Spinal Cord, Cell Division, Breathing, The Liver and Pancreas, The Kidney, The Eye. Published by Dr. Auzoux. 1946-1957.Â
Every single time I was terrified of what was to come and didnât understand how I would get through it, I did. Every single time I felt like my world was ending and that I couldnât make something happen, I still did. Even when I felt terrified, lost, overwhelmed, unsure, insecure, and unworthy, I still pulled myself through. And looking back on all of it, everything always made sense after. And everything always worked out for my greater good. And everything led me to the next stage of who I was. I have to remember all of that in this moment where Iâm feeling insecure and vulnerable. I have to remember how many times I felt that way before and how many times I pushed through. I have to find the strength to love and accept myself for who I am at this stage too.
this is Daisy May AKA Shmaisy AKA Doodle AKA Shmoodle AKA ShmoogieâŠ.. she passed away yesterday. Her favorite things were walking into the fridge when I opened it and sleeping on my legs. She was a sweet and funny baby and we miss her very much.
The bodyâs peripheral nervous system could be capable of interpreting its environment and modulating pain, neuroscientists have established, after studying how rodents reacted to stimulation.
Until now, accepted scientific theory has held that only the central nervous system â the brain and spinal cord â could actually interpret and analyse sensations such as pain or heat.
The peripheral system that runs throughout the body was seen to be a mainly wiring network, relaying information to and from the central nervous system by delivering messages to the âcontrol centreâ (the brain), which then tells the body how to react.
In recent years there has been some evidence of a more complex role for the peripheral nervous system, but this study by Hebei Medical University in China and the University of Leeds highlights a crucial new role for the ganglia, a collection of ânodulesâ.
Previously these were believed to act only as an energy source for
messages being carried through the nervous system. In addition,
researchers now believe they also have the ability to act as
âmini-brainsâ, modifying how much information is sent to the central
nervous system.
The five year study found that nerve cells within the ganglia can
exchange information between each other with the help of a signalling
molecule called GABA, a process that was previously believed to be
restricted to the central nervous system.
The findings were published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation
and have potential future implications for the development of new
painkillers, including drugs to target backache and arthritis pain.
Pain relief drugs
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Current pain relief drugs are targeted at the central nervous
system and often have side effects that can include addiction and
tolerance issues.
The new research opens up the possibility of a route for developing
non-addictive and non-drowsy drugs, targeted at the peripheral nervous
system. Safe therapeutic dosage of these new drugs can also be much
higher, potentially resulting in higher efficacy.
Whilst the study showed a rodentâs peripheral nervous system was
able to interpret the type of stimulation it was sensing, further
research is still needed to understand how sensations are interpreted
and whether these results apply to humans.
In addition, the theory would need to be adopted by drug
development companies and extensively tested before laboratory and
clinical trials of a drug could be carried out. Should the findings be
adopted, a timescale of at least 15-20 years might be required to
produce a working drug.
Nerve arrangements
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Neuroscientist Professor Nikita Gamper, who led the research at
both universities, said: âWe found the peripheral nervous system has the
ability to alter the information sent to the brain, rather than blindly
passing everything on to the central nervous system.
âWe donât yet know how the system works, but the machinery is
definitely in place to allow the peripheral system to interpret and
modify the tactile information perceived by the brain in terms of
interpreting pain, warmth or the solidity of objects.
âFurther research is needed to understand exactly how it operates,
but we have no reason to believe that the same nerve arrangements would
not exist in humans.
âWhen our research team looked more closely at the peripheral
system, we found the machinery for neuronal communication did exist in
the peripheral nervous systemâs structure. It is as if each sensory
nerve has its own âmini-brainâ, which to an extent, can interpret
incoming information.â
Co-author of the study, Professor Xiaona Du from Hebei Medical
University, added: âThis dramatically changes our understanding of pain
medication because in theory it is now possible to target drugs at the
peripheral nervous system which could widen the type of treatments
available.â
Professor Gamper believes the findings may present a challenge to
the accepted âGate Control Theory of Painâ. The theory holds that a
primary âgateâ exists between the peripheral and central nervous
systems, controlling what information is sent to the central system.
The study now suggests the transmission of information to the
central nervous system must go through another set of gates, or more
accurately a process similar to a volume control, where the flow of
information can be controlled by the peripheral nervous system.
âPeripheral nerves have the ability to dial up or down the signal
which goes through these gates to the brainâ, said Professor Gamper.
âImportantly, we believe that these gates can be exploited for
therapeutic control of pain.â
Research Council support
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Dr Kathryn Adcock, Head of Neurosciences and Mental Health at the
Medical Research Council, which part-funded the work, said: âThese
findings are an interesting step in advancing scientistsâ understanding
of the mechanisms underpinning pain perception. Â We are committed to
supporting work such as this to aid the continued search for new and
better pain treatments.â
A view from industry
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Lishuang Cao, head of Membrane Physiology at GlaxoSmithKline
R&D in Shanghai, said: âThis interesting finding could pave the way
for developing novel pain medicines by targeting the peripheral GABA
signaling pathway and at the same time avoiding or reducing the side
effects of many existing painkillers.
âFurther work is needed to understand the physiological role of
GABA in painful situations like inflammatory, neuropathic and chronic
pain. More importantly we need to know if the same mechanism is present
in human beingsâ peripheral nervous systems.â
in average
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