Major Michael Hutchinson,
a Green Beret with the 3rd Special Forces Group, was in charge of the
secret operation to help Afghan commandos recapture Kunduz. It was his
fifth combat deployment, counting three tours in Afghanistan and one in
Iraq, yet he had never experienced such intense fighting.
The
mission had been scrambled together after Kunduz had come under attack
four days earlier. The Afghan army and police, plagued by corruption and
poor leadership, had abandoned their posts and left the city to the
Taliban with barely a fight. It fell within hours.
Hutch,
as the other soldiers called him, worried that the slightest mistake or
miscalculation could end in disaster. The Green Berets had reached the
area by air and lacked armored vehicles. Some had driven into Kunduz on
quad bikes. They had a single map between them, and no one had set foot
in the city before.
After four days of fighting, they
were still hunkered down at the city’s police headquarters, where the
American and Afghan teams had set up a command center. That wasn’t the
original plan: They were supposed to have established a foothold at the
governor’s office, but got lost in the dark. They were under attack from
all sides, and only air strikes and the snipers on the walls were
preventing the Taliban from overrunning the base.
Hutchinson was in
contact with an AC-130 gunship, which was circling overhead, to provide
air support to his Afghan colleagues who were preparing to hit a
building believed to be a Taliban command and control center.
The
Afghans didn’t have radios, though, and were relying on limited
cellphone coverage to make contact with Hutchinson. Communications were
patchy, but this process had become routine. After hearing gunfire
erupt, Hutchinson’s interpreter was able to reach them and confirm they
needed air support for the building they were attacking. Hutchinson
ordered the gunship to fire.
A series of technical and communication failures aboard the aircraft
had prevented the crew from preparing for the mission. It didn’t help
that Hutchinson’s team had run out of the batteries needed for the video
receivers typically used to communicate with the aircrew.
That
meant he didn’t know that things had gone seriously wrong. The building
he had ordered the AC-130 gunship to strike was not a Taliban control
center, but a trauma hospital run by Médecins Sans Frontières.
There, Evangeline Cua was in between
surgeries. She had her own practice in the Philippines, her home
country, but had taken a break to work for the aid group over the
summer. It had been an intense several months, but nothing compared with
the past four days. The hospital had been flooded with patients since
the city had fallen, and health-care workers were using hallways and
offices to create space for makeshift beds. Her heart broke when entire
families came in, and she couldn’t save them all.
The first rounds from
the AC-130 struck the hospital’s emergency room. The operating theaters
shook and the windows rattled. Cua looked up and exchanged glances with
an assistant surgeon who had finished suturing a patient’s wound. The
doctors had grown used to the sounds of explosions and gunfire. They
laughed uneasily. It was probably just another clash, she thought,
exhausted.
But then a second blast struck with terrifying force.
All three theaters were in use when it hit. The surgeons leapt up and
fled down the hallway, leaving their anesthetized patients on the
operating tables. The doctors and nurses gathered across the hall,
dragging tables together for cover, but it was too hard to breathe
through the acrid smoke, so Cua groped her way back to the operating
theater.
Her mind raced to understand what was happening. The
hospital was supposed to be protected. All sides had recognized its
impartiality. An air strike? Why? Another deafening blast shook
the building, and the ceiling came crashing down, plunging them into
darkness. She saw her patient’s heart monitor flatline. We’re going to die, she thought. Rounds hammered the building.
She
imagined her remains being delivered to her parents in the Philippines
in an urn. Or worse, what if her body was never found? She tried to
focus on the patients’ lives she had saved during her time in Kunduz,
but all she could think of were her parents. I’m sorry, Mom, she
thought. I’m sorry. Nearby, she heard her colleague praying softly.
“Pray with me,” he told her.
MSF’s country
director, Guilhem Molinie, was in Kabul when he received a call from the
hospital reporting the air strike. He immediately dialed Bagram
Airfield, praying for a quick response. He felt sick to his stomach.
“The trauma center is under attack,” Molinie told the U.S. officer who picked up. “You’re bombing the hospital!”
The
officer ran to the joint-operations center, pulled the battle captain
aside, and told him about the call in a whisper. But Lieutenant Colonel
Jason Johnston, the 3rd Group battalion commander, who was sitting in
the next row, heard and leapt up. He asked the officer to repeat
himself. None of them was aware the air strike was under way.
They
tried reaching Hutchinson, but couldn’t get through for several
minutes. They identified a plume of smoke rising from the center of
Kunduz over a video feed and pulled the coordinates to check them
against the ones provided by the hospital. When Hutchinson called back,
Johnston told him about the report. Hutchinson stopped to process the
message. He replayed the past hour and didn’t see how it could have
happened.
“No way,” he said. “That’s not possible.”
Hutchinson
ordered the aircraft to stop shooting, but didn’t mention the report to
anyone else. As hardened as the other Green Berets were, it would
deliver a terrible blow to morale, adding to the stress of the ongoing
battle for the city. He told himself there must have been a mistake.
But in the first
morning light, the destroyed hospital building was smoldering. Cua and
the other doctors and nurses who survived the bombing set to work trying
to save the wounded as the sun came up. In the end, 42 people, including 14 staff members, would be reported killed in the strike.
After a week-long battle, Kunduz was more or less back under government control.
Afghan soldiers cheered as the Americans drove past. Hutchinson hadn’t
heard anything more about the air strike and, because he and his team
had not visited the site of the blast, assumed the report was a mistake.
Hutchinson
was elated. This was what he had secretly dreamed of since childhood:
participating in a battle for survival with a small band of brothers.
Every emotion he had suppressed during the battle hit him at once. His
men were high with the feeling of being alive. They felt like heroes in a
movie. They had saved a city from ruin against the odds. They weren’t
prepared for the news.
On TV back at the camp, the world’s
attention was indeed focused on Kunduz—but not on the Taliban’s defeat.
Every major outlet was covering the U.S. bombing of the hospital, and
asking whether the air strike was a war crime.
Hutchinson still believed he and his
men had done the right thing by going into the city, and tried to
console Ben Vontz, the young Green Beret responsible for communicating
with the gunship that night, who was distraught. If the mission had
failed, the Taliban would be entrenched in Kunduz by now, he told Vontz,
and a door‑to‑door battle to drive them out would have yielded an even
higher human cost.
It had been 10 years
since Hutchinson’s first tour in Iraq. A decade was a long time to learn
how to process the horrors of war. To him, it was clear the bombing was
a mistake caused by equipment failure, exhaustion, and human error.
Everyone had done their best in a situation they should never have been
put in, he told Vontz. The combat controller was 25, and it had been his
first time in battle. He was inconsolable.
By this point, an
investigation team had reached Kunduz; they wanted to see Hutchinson
immediately. The investigators stared at him uncomfortably. The media
were describing Hutchinson as a potential war criminal. He refused to
flinch and promised to help with the inquiry.
Hutch called home. His wife answered.
“Is everything okay?” Tina asked. “Because they’re calling it a war crime.”
Hutchinson was relieved
of his duties and sent to Bagram Airfield to await the results of the
inquiry. He felt confident that the investigating officers would realize
the soldiers had done their best. The strike was an unfortunate mistake
made in the heat of battle. He planned to bravely accept whatever
punishment the military saw fit to administer and move on.
When a
chaplain visited from Kabul, he was shocked to find Hutchinson in good
spirits. He had been assessed to be a suicide risk. “I’m fine,”
Hutchinson told him, trying to sound upbeat.
But he had started to
hear that some in the Army’s headquarters believed he had violated the
rules of engagement and wanted him to stand trial for murder. He tried
to stay positive and kept to his gym routine to fight off the depression
and negative thoughts nagging at him.
He couldn’t tell Tina
much over the phone, but he tried to reassure her that everything would
be fine once the investigation had run its course. She was on her own,
pregnant and juggling two kids.
Tina knew not to ask questions, but she was scared about what was
going to happen to them. “I’m not going to jail,” he promised her. She
was worried. The images from the hospital were etched on her mind. She
couldn’t help but read the stories about the staff and patients who had
survived, even if in her heart she knew that her husband had done his
best.
The military changed its official story several times. The
secrecy surrounding the investigation fueled the public’s worst
suspicions, that the hospital had been struck on purpose. Hutchinson
felt that people would understand if they heard firsthand how the
mistake had occurred. He asked to be allowed to explain publicly what
had happened. The battalion told him it wasn’t a good idea.
The
investigators called Hutchinson in for questioning over and over again.
Eventually, the investigating officer, Brigadier General Richard Kim,
approached him. He didn’t believe Hutchinson’s version of events, he
said. He thought that Hutchinson had broken the rules of engagement and
illegally used pre-assault fire. “Would you like to change your story?”
he asked.
Hutchinson was shocked. He could accept having made a
mistake and that civilians had died as a result. He could accept that
the tragedy was preventable. He was prepared to accept whatever
punishment was meted out. But to be accused of trying to cover up a
deliberate act? That was too much. It couldn’t be real.
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